Tobacco s Effects On Our Population - 828 Words

Introduction Many individuals struggle with the effects of tobacco and the ramifications that comes with being a smoker. For decades, tobacco has caused various forms of cancer and health related issues. Since this has become an issue, coalitions and organizations are banding together to control this situation. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009, The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, Public Health Service Act of 1944 and the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972 are all trying to utilize tobacco s effects on our population. According to the CDC, the Food and Drug Act of 1906, states that 1914 interpretation advised that tobacco be included only when used to cure, mitigate, or prevent disease. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015) In 1953-1959 false claims stated that tobacco could aide health issues, not until 1984 was tobacco considered a drug. This is when the FDA asserted alternative n icotine products to help tobacco users quit smoking. It wasn t until 1987 when Public Law 100-202, banned smoking on domestic airline flights two hours or less. In 1989, airlines banned smoking from fights six hours or less and in 1992 banning sale of tobacco to minors. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015) The laws will continue to increase thereafter to our present day showing that our communities do not want tobacco to devour our streets and neighborhoods. In 2015/2016,Show MoreRelated`` 1493 : Uncovering The New World Columbus Created By Charles C. Mann966 Words   |  4 PagesNew World Columbus Created, Charles C. Mann enlightens and captures how Columbus’s expeditions united the lands of Eurasia and America. It is a well-written and informational book that successfully displays much of the development and foundation of our present all from the European discovery of the new world. Charles C. Mann’s main objective with this book was to extend on the geographer, Alfred W Crosby’s explanation of â€Å"Ecological Imperialism.† 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created isRead MoreFlora And Fauna Of The Columbian Exchange1307 Words   |  6 PagesFlora and Fauna in the Columbian Exchange The voyage undertaken by Christopher Columbus to attempt to find a more direct route to India would fail in it s goal. Columbus would not reach India, instead he would land on the banks of a world entirely unknown to Europeans of the time period. His â€Å"discovery† of this New World would have far reaching consequences for both the world he found, and the world from which he departed. 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In addition, it will focuses on the how ETS becomes a problem for Children in American household as well as in other well developed nations. It will describe the effects that has among children living in contaminated environment by Second Hand Smoke. One of the health effects can be Asthma, which is provoked by their parents who smoke in their vicinity. Furthermore, thereRead MoreThe Cost Of Addiction / Substance Abuse Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Cost of Addiction/Substance Abuse Stevens Smith (2013) ascertain that alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs have cost $180-$484 billion dollars annually, yet that dollar estimate does not include what damage it causes to the family and victims of substance abuse users. In contrast, research indicates to use caution when deciphering the costs of substance abuse due to new data that is constantly changing (Single, 2009). Furthermore, some associated costs may not be reported becauseRead MoreTobacco Should Be Made Illegal Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesdetrimental effects on the lives of smokers and those around them. Fires, second-hand smoke, and smoking related motor vehicle accidents all plague the world and those in it. Tobacco should be made illegal because of the horrible consequences it inflicts on smokers and non-smokers alike. Tobacco is a plant that grows natively in North and South America. It is in the same family as the potato, pepper and the poisonous nightshade, a very deadly plant. American Indians began using tobacco in many differentRead MoreSmoking Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior. In the early 1500s, Christopher Columbus brought the tobacco leaves of the America’s to Europe. From there, the world found a great love for tobacco, making it a crop of great commodity and thus crating more demand for slave labor at the time. After the Civil War, smoking continued to be a popular commodity, even through World War II where a General reported cigarette rations being equally important to his soldiers as bullets (U.S. Tobacco History, 2017). In 1930 German researchers found a correlationRead MoreThe Effects of Smoking Bans on Victims of Exposure to Second Hand Smoke800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Smoking Bans on Victims of Exposure to Second Hand Smoke Exposure to second hand smoke, which for the purposes of this report will be designated SHS, poses extremely detrimental health risks for any and all individuals who consider themselves non-smokers, especially young children and pregnant women. SHS is estimated to contribute to heart attacks in nonsmokers and causes nearly 53,800 deaths in the United States alone on an annual basis.1 According to the United States SurgeonRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The Mind And Body1578 Words   |  7 Pagescentury smoking has been integrated into our society, and it has been lingering without any uproar. The beginning of the 20th century was a time where smoking cigarettes was something a doctor would do in a hospital after surgery. Smoking was so common around that time youths were even indulging into the harmful habit with no penalties. In today’s time, there is a significant amount of awareness to the destructive nature of smoking, and any other tobacco product. Science has reached many heightsRead MoreThe Consumption of Tobacco Products 1090 Words   |  5 Pages In the 1930’s cigarette smoking was looked upon as alluring. The well to do beautiful, who’s who, type of people flaunted their smoking habit. The first Surgeon General’s Report on smoking and health was released in 1964. In today’s society, smoking is not so attractive... It is strange to watch movies of years gone by when Hollywood stars would pose as smokers in a setting such as a hospital, restaurant, or airport. While the Marlboro man would ride horseback across the screen in commercials

Clybourne Park - 1002 Words

Word Count: 1,002 Clybourne Park Essay The Broadway play â€Å"Clybourne Park† is based off the movie and play â€Å"The Raisin in the Sun†. It is written by Bruce Norris and was honored with many awards including the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for drama and the Tony Award for best play. Bruce Norris wrote the play by having it pick up right where â€Å"The Raisin in the Sun† left off. By doing this, Bruce Norris picks up where the drama was and shows the racial tensions in the 1950’s and 1960’s up until present day. To create this, writer Bruce Norris created a play with only two acts. The first act is based in the late 1950’s and early 60’s right after the war. The second act is based in the same house fifty years apart in the year 2009. By doing this†¦show more content†¦Another example of racism in Act 2 is the jokes that the cast keep saying back and forth to each other. For instance Steve asks the cast ‘†how many white men does it ta ke to change a light bulb?† and Kevin replies by saying â€Å"one to hold the light bulb and the rest screw the entire world†. Then Steve replies with another racist joke asking â€Å"what is long and hard on a black man?† As the cast keeps bickering and talking over each other Lena decides to tell the most racist joke of the entire play. She asks â€Å"why is a white woman like a tampon?† As Steve tries to figure out the answer Lena tells them that it is because they are both stuck up cunts. After all of this is said everyone continues to argue and talk over each other. Nothing seems to be solved and people start to leave because of all the racist comments. Even after fifty years have passed racism is still evident in Act 2.This portrays the way people treat each other in reality and how race is still a prominent issue in the world today. Bruce Norris may only hint at what rich people do in the neighborhood but raises numerous issues. One in which is that race triumphs class. Norris’s play â€Å"Clybourne Park† raised much controversy by bringing up an issue that many people now a day decide to forget and act like it is not there. By bringing the issue of race upShow MoreRelatedThe Movie Clybourne Park By Bruce Norris Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOn Friday, September 23, the University of Central Florida Theatre Program performed Clybourne Park, written by Bruce Norris, which was directed by David Reed. Clybourne Park satirizes racism and how foolish people were in not being able to accept the differences among each other. The late 1950’s was a time when racism was at its peak, which caused serious turmoil amongst fellow American citizens. Clybourne Park is a play about how society needs to progress and embrace change. Set in 1959 ChicagoRead MoreAnalysis Of Bruce Norris s Poem, And Then You Go For A Steak992 Words   |  4 Pagesslightly uncomfortable. At least if you take the piss out of the audience, they feel they are being addressed.† Bruce Norris creates this environment through Clybourne Park. Clybourne Park addresses tough, but relevant, social issues with which readers can relate; he points out that the more it changes, the more it stays the same. Clybourne Park is about a white, middle class couple, Russ and Bev, who is moving out of their neighborhood. The author, Bruce Norris, writes a spin-off of A Raisin in theRead MoreAn Afternoon in the 1950s Essay712 Words   |  3 Pagesaffordable and a lot better than the old 3 bedroom apartment they were currently living in. However, the house that she wanted to buy just so happened to be in the all white neighborhood of Clybourne Park. As the play progresses, Mama (Lena) ends up using some of the money to put a down payment on the house in Clybourne Park, however after seeing the way Walter Lee had recently been drinking away his pain and always talking about the success of the â€Å"white man† from their investments, she ends up crying andRead MoreWhat Can Talking About An Issue Do?2107 Words   |  9 PagesWhat can talking about an issue do? The play Clybourne Park is a great example of not shying away from racial issues in literature. But it could also be deemed too controversial and overdone by some. Based off the play A Raisin in the Sun, it seeks to show the other side of the community from their perspective. The tensions between Russ’ family and the community are brought to light during the course of the play. His son had committed suicide after returning from Korea and this tragedy left a hugeRead MoreThemes In Clybourne Park And Water By The Spoonful1516 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter, or setting, the audience would lack a clear vision of the particular play’s meaning. In the case of Clybourne Park, by Bruce Norris, and Water by the Spoonful, by Quiara Alegria Hudes, race can be identified as a theme in both, through the use of literary devices, however it is explored much more subtly in Water by the Spoonful. Race is the major underlying theme in Clybourne Park, while the themes of community and a ddiction are dealt with in Water by the Spoonful. Nevertheless, each playRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play At The Sun 2135 Words   |  9 PagesThe play Clybourne Park is a great example of not shying away from racial issues in literature. But it could also be deemed too controversial and overdone by some. Based off the play A Raisin in the Sun, it seeks to show the other side of the community from their perspective. The tensions between Russ’ family and the community are brought to light during the course of the play. His son had committed suicide after returning from Korea and this tragedy left a huge hole of hurt in their family. At firstRead MoreAnalysis Of Bruce Norris s The Play 1306 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Clybourne Park by Bruce Norris, there is a deep contrast in the achievement of the American dream as seen in A Raisin in the Sun. Despite Norris play being inspired by Hansberry’s 1959 classic, his play gave the perception of white people and how th ey view the other races in America. Norris, who is white, illustrates that race is a subject that should be freely discussed. The play that is set in two acts that are 50 years apart portrays the American dream of the middle class AmericansRead More Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun Essay examples797 Words   |  4 PagesHowever, many of the characters in the play have different dreams that clash with each other. Problems seem to arise when different people’s dreams conflict with one another; such as Walter’s versus Bennie’s, George’s versus Asagai’s, and the Clybourne Park versus the Younger’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Walter and Bennie both have very different mindsets and they constantly are fighting, therefor they both have very different dreams that are on opposite ends of the spectrum. Walters dream is to be his own boss inRead MoreRacism and Stereotype in Karl Linders Speech1157 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Nazi regime, brought on the Holocaust. In his efforts to bring the Jews to extinction he captured and imprisoned the Jews into concentration camps separated from the rest of society. Karl Linder in his efforts to keep the community of Clybourne Park â€Å"pure† for his growing family, attempts to assert dominance over the Stoller family (the Caucasian family moving away) and the Younger family (the African American family moving in), as if attempting to create a reverse concentration camp. HeRead MoreThe American Dream744 Words   |  3 Pagesthe American Dream. The Youngers are example of the people who see the disillutioned of the American dream when Mr.Li ndner and Mrs.Johnson try to stop them to moved in to Clybourne Park, then Willy ran off with the money,and see their family fall apart. Firstly, Mr.Lindner and Mrs.Johnson try to stop them moved into Clybourne Park. â€Å"You mean you ain’t read ‘bout them colored people that was bombed out their place out of there (100).† â€Å" And at the moment the overwhelming majority of our people out

Vaginal Delivery on Postpartum Pain †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Vaginal Delivery on Postpartum Pain. Answer: Introduction: Effect of music can be reflected as the mood management technique for a human being (Simavli et al. 2014). As per different studies on music, it can be reflected as the most enjoyable aspect for the emotional purpose of a person. Music has significant effect on the psychological aspect of a person. It has relaxing effect on a depressed person. I have inspired by the deep house music which is sub genre of house music. It is mainly originated from 1980s. Deep house music has the combination of jazz fank and soul music which affect the soul of human being. I have preferred the main elements of deep house music those are few vocal part, darker emotions, and influence of jazz and dissonant melodies. I have always preferred music with good grove. I have always preferred beat and vibe related music which excite me a lot. Music of different genres always makes me happy. I prefer to listen different kinds of music. According to Knight and Rickard (2001), music can help to enhance the level of cognitive development of a person. It has been found in the study that music can enhance level of baseline salivary of a person. It has also been found that music can be considered as an effective weapon of anxiolytic treatment. It has also been found that relaxing music can also be able to prevent stress, systolic blood pressure, subjective anxiety as well as heart rate of health female and male person. I have also learned that music therapy is also considered as the effective treatment for reducing anxiety, stress and other psychological imbalance. Music can help to reduce any kind of issue of mental health among people. Music has the power to affect the brain of a person ((Simavli et al. 2014). References: Knight, W.E. and Rickard, N.S., 2001. Relaxing music prevents stress-induced increases in subjective anxiety, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate in healthy males and females.Journal of music therapy,38(4), pp.254-272. Simavli, S., Kaygusuz, I., Gumus, I., Usluogullar?, B., Yildirim, M. and Kafali, H., 2014. Effect of music therapy during vaginal delivery on postpartum pain relief and mental health.Journal of affective disorders,156, pp.194-199.

To Kill A Mockingbird and Scout free essay sample

What are the main points in Heck Tate’s evidence? What does Atticus show in his cross examination of Tate? 5. What does the reader learn about the home life of the Ewells? Be specific with examples from the text. To Kill a Mockingbird In-Class Simulation Once this paper is in your hands, you may NOT have any contact outside your group!!! THE TASK: A man has been convicted of rape and battery and sentenced to die for the crime. He is appealing his conviction to the 104th Circuit Federal Appeals Court seated in Gallatin County. You and your fellow justices will hear the case as one of the final stages of his appeal. You will decide whether to (1) accept his appeal for a new trial, (2) modify his death sentence (to life in prison or probation, (3) leave the sentence as is – and allow him to die for his crime. In your group, you will need to elect a Chief Justice who will guide the process, asking for each member’s opinion, mediating disagreements, and conducting votes. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill A Mockingbird and Scout or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will also need two recorders – one to keep track of arguments of why you think the man is guilty and one to keep track of arguments of why you think the man is guilty. The chief justice should tally the final verdict. You will need to write and deliver a majority opinion justifying the ultimate decision and your reasons for your choice. The defendant is 27 years old, married with children The victim is a 21 year old single white woman The victim and the defendant work in the same building and both acknowledge having seen each other before and sometimes speaking casually with one another. †¢ †¢ The victim was severely beaten in the attack, which helped account for the death sentence The defendant denies the accusations, but claims that the woman flirted with him on one occasion that was interrupted by a jealous boyfriend †¢ The boyfriend claims to have later witnessed the assault, arriving only in time to scare off the defendant. †¢ †¢ The defendant was apprehended as he was trying to flee. The appeal is based on the fact that no medical evidence of rape was ever obtained. Those on the scene at the time claim it wasn’t an immediate concern. He was convicted after six hours of deliberation by a jury of 12 honest MEN The defendant has since attempted, unsuccessfully, to escape from prison The alleged incident occurred in the victim’s home at approximately six o’clock in the evening on the night of August 10, 1988. †¢ †¢ †¢ Injuries were found on the left side of the victim’s body. Victim was never examined by a medical official/ The Defendant’s left arm was left shriveled and paralyzed from a childhood accident. To Kill a Mockingbird Bell Work Chapter 18 and 19 1. Is Mayella Ewell like her father or different from him? In what ways? 2. How does Dill react to the trial? Why is this, in your opinon? 3. How well do you think Mr. Gilmer proves Tom’s guilt? Why? Why not? 4. What made Tom Robinson visit the Ewell’s house in the first place? 5. In your own words, explain Mayella’s relationship with her father. To Kill a Mockingbird Bell Work Chapter 20 and 21 ++ NO BELLWORK DUE TO CLASSWORK ASSIGNMENT: Using your book, chapters 17-20 only, please locate and write down passages that fit the following criteria. Use a separate sheet of paper. Write neatly. Punctuate quotations properly { â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (98). }. Introduce each passage with a sentence that identifies is (i. e. Atticus reveals Bob Ewell’s guilt when he says, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (34). Note: 6 passages total. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Bob Ewells’s guilt (something Atticus says) Bob Ewell’s guilt (something Bob Ewell says) Tom Robinson’s innocence (something Tom says) Tom Robinson’s innocence (something Atticus says) Mayella’s lies The one thing that Tom Robinson says that is considered a mistake that might ruin his changes of winning the trial. To Kill a Mockingbird Bell Work Chapter 22, 23, 24 1. Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem’s right to know what has happen. Explain, in your own words, Atticus’s reasons for this (look at the speech beginning â€Å"this is their home, sister†¦) 2. Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up? 3. Why is Bob Ewell so angry with Atticus? Do you this his threat is a real one? Why/Why not? What do you think about Atticus’s reaction to Bob Ewell’s challenge? 4. What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convince Tom? 5. Explain, briefly, how Tom was killed. What is Atticus’s explanation for Tom’s attempted escape? To Kill a Mockingbird differentiated unit for chapters 22, 23, 24 Learning Goal: Read chapters 22, 23, 24 of To Kill a Mockingbird , make sense of the citizen’s of Maycomb’s reaction to the verdict, and make a personal connection to the reading. 1. Assignment one: For a struggling reader, listening to the chapters being read aloud and stopping to pause and reflect on the points in the chapters which are significant is more helpful. For homework due in this class period, ask the students to complete a reading log entry that is a ? page response to the verdict delivered in chapter 21. How do they feel about the unfairness of the trial or do they think it is fair? Why/Why not? During class, the students will listen to the reading, and while they listen, they will fill in the graphic organizer provided to them. This graphic organizer will ask them to fill in various citizen’s reactions to the verdict – all of which is touched on in the reading. See handout one. 2. Assignment two: For the average reader and group workers, a review and discussion of the reading assignment is appropriate. The homework due in this class period is reading chapters 22, 23, 24. The chapters detail the town’s reaction to the verdict, and after completing the bellwork for these chapters, it is useful to have the students share passages which illustrate the townspeople’s reactions to the trial and a discussion of what their own reactions to the verdict are. See handout two. 3. Assignment three: For advanced readers and independent workers, a webquest on the Scottsburo Trials is relevant and interesting. The students will complete the same reading for the day’s class period; however, during class, these students will use the computers available to research the trials and answer the attached questions. Assessment: completion of the webquest and the ability to relate the Scottsburo Trials to To Kill a Mockingbird . See handout three. Materials needed: Computer with internet access for level 3 assignment TKAM audio cd with cd player and copies of graphic organizer for level 1 assignment Overhead with bellwork questions and sticky notes for level 2 assignment Reading Log Entry for Chapter 21: Re-read the section on pages 210-211. How does the verdict make you feel? Do you think it is fair or unfair? Why/Why not? Do you wish things could be different? Did you ever think – just for a minute – that Tom might win the trial? How do you predict others in the town will react to the news? What about Bob Ewell? Jem? Dill? Miss Maudie? Graphic organizer for Chapters 22, 23, 24 Character How the character reacts to the verdict page # Handout Two To Kill a Mockingbird Bell Work Chapter 22, 23, 24 6. Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem’s right to know what has happen. Explain, in your own words, Atticus’s reasons for this (look at the speech beginning â€Å"this is their home, sister†¦) 7. Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up? 8. Why is Bob Ewell so angry with Atticus? Do you this his threat is a real one? Why/Why not? What do you think about Atticus’s reaction to Bob Ewell’s challenge? 9. What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convince Tom? 10. Explain, briefly, how Tom was killed. What is Atticus’s explanation for Tom’s attempted escape? Hand out sticky notes. Have students mark passages to share with the class of different people’s reactions to the trial. Split up the people among members of the class. They can work with a partner if they choose. Then have class members share with each other and put master copy on the board with page #s. Handout three The Scottsboro trials The websites below discuss a very controversial trial held in Alabama in the 1930s, very similar to the trial of Tom Robinson. Read this entire page and the timeline that follows: Historical Context of the Scottsboro Trials library. thinkquest. org/12111/scottsboro/historic. htm For more information (optional), visit: The Trial of the Scottsboro boys /www. law. umkc. edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_acct . html Answer the following questions that you can present to the class: 1) What were the Scottsboro boys on trial for? Did they actually commit this crime or not? How do you know? The second part of your paper should consist of a personal essay that illustrates the point(s) of empathy that you share with the character and a detailed and meaningful description of the reasons why. Remember that your experiences do not need to be exact duplicates of the situations or experiences of the character; they must merely relate in some meaningful way. Assignment due __________. Neatly handwritten. Skip lines between passages. Empathy: The ability to understand another’s feelings, perspective, motivation, and situation. Skim through the novel To Kill a Mockingbird and find five incidents or quotes with which you can empathize in some way. Be sure to write the entire passage or quote and include the page number on which it begins. Then write what it is you can empathize with. Follow exactly the format below. Example: 1. Scout’s feelings: â€Å"After ten forevers Dr. Reynolds returned. ‘Is Jem dead? ’ I asked. ‘Far from it,’ he said, squatting down to me. ‘He’s got a bump on his head, just like yours and a broken arm† (264). Point of empathy: I can empathize with Scout’s fear that her brother is dead after their run-in with Mr. Ewell. I, too, have felt scared that my brother was dead after he was in a car accident. It turned out that he was just injured, but like Scout, I was really afraid at the time. Empathy Paper Outline TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD I. Opening paragraph a. This passage is significant because Scout has been involved in a very scary situation involving her brother and Bob Ewell. One of the people who saved Jem is Boo Radley, one character of whom she and her brother have been frightened. d. â€Å"After ten forevers Dr. Reynolds returned. ‘Is Jem dead? ’ I asked. ‘Far from it,’ he said, squatting down to me. ‘He’s got a bump on his head, just like yours and a broken arm† (264). e. I can empathize with Scout’s fear that her brother is dead after their run-in with Mr. Ewell. Personal story a. I, too, have felt scared that my brother was dead after he was in a car accident. It turned out that he was just injured, but like Scout, I was really afraid at the time. b. My brother and his best friend got into a car accident on New Year’s eve, and I was in fifth grade. c. He ruptured his spleen and we went to the hospital. d. We had to cancel our family New Year’s party. e. I didn’t understand why he was so out of it after the surgery and I thought he was dying because of all the blood. Comparisons and conclusion a. Both Scout and I feel very close to our brothers, and we look up to them in such a way that we would be lost without them. b. Like Scout, I was also very young when my brother was in the accident, and I didn’t understand exactly what had happened. c. Similar to Jem, my brother was pretty badly injured, and it would take some time before he healed. d. I always wanted to share my experiences with my older brother because I looked up to him so much. I don’t remember anything in particular happening the night of his accident, but I have felt similar to Scout when she describes: â€Å"As I made my way home, I thought what a thing to tell Jem tomorrow. He’d be so mad he missed it he wouldn’t speak to me for days† (279). II. III. ENGLISH I LITERARY Empathy Paper Rubric CONNECTION WRITING RUBRIC SKILL AREA 6 Responses at this level: 5 Responses at this level: 4 Responses at this level: 3 Responses at this level: Meaning: the extent to which the writing exhibits sound understanding, interpretation, and/or analysis of the writing task and text(s) Convey an accurate and indepth understanding of the topic, audience, and purpose for the writing task †¢ offer insightful interpretations of the text(s) with analysis and connection that goes well beyond a literal level †¢ develop ideas clearly and fully, effectively integrating and elaborating on specific textual evidence †¢ reveal a thorough and insightful understanding of the author’s use of literary elements and techniques †¢ skillfully establish and maintain consistent focus on a clear and compelling thesis which offers a personal connection to the text †¢ exhibit logical and coherent structure that supports the thesis †¢ make skillful use of transition words and phrases †¢ are stylistically sophisticated, using language that is precise and engaging, with notable sense of voice and awareness of audience and purpose †¢ effectively incorporate a range of varied sentence patterns to reveal syntactic fluency †¢ demonstrate control of the conventions with essentially no errors, even with sophisticated language Convey an accurate and complete understanding of the topic, audience, and purpose for the writing task †¢ offer clear and explicit interpretations of the text(s) with analysis and connection that goes beyond a literal level †¢ develop ideas clearly and consistently, incorporating and explaining specific textual evidence †¢ reveal an understanding of the author’s use of literary elements and techniques †¢ effectively establish and maintain consistent focus †¢ exhibit a logical sequence of claims, evidence, and interpretations to support the thesis †¢ make effective use of transition words and phrases †¢ use language that is fluent and original, with evident awareness of audience and purpose †¢ incorporate varied sentence patterns that reveal an awareness of different syntactic structures †¢ demonstrate control of the conventions, exhibiting occasional errors only when using sophisticated language (e. g. , punctuation of complex sente nces) Ideas and Content: the extent to which ideas are elaborated using specific and relevant details and/or evidence to support the thesis Convey an accurate although somewhat basic understanding of the topic, audience, and purpose for the writing task †¢ offer partially explained and/or somewhat literal interpretations of the text(s) with some analysis and connection †¢ develop some ideas more fully than others, using relevant textual evidence †¢ reveal an implicit understanding of the author’s use of literary elements and techniques †¢ establish and maintain focus on a clear thesis †¢ exhibit a logical sequence of claims, evidence, and interpretations but ideas within paragraphs may be inconsistently organized †¢ make some attempt to use basic transition words and phrases †¢ use appropriate language, with some awareness of audience and purpose †¢ make some attempt to include different sentence patterns but with awkward or uneven success †¢ demonstrate partial control, exhibiting occasional errors that do not hinder comprehension (e. g. , incorrect use of homonyms) Convey a partly accurate understanding of the topic, audience, and purpose of the writing task †¢ offer few or superficial interpretations of the text(s) with a tendency to retell instead of analyze or connect †¢ develop ideas briefly or partially, using some textual evidence but without much elaboration †¢ reveal a vague or limited understanding of the author’s use of literary elements and techniques †¢ establish but fail to consistently maintain focus on a basic thesis †¢ exhibit a basic structure but lack the coherence of consistent claims, evidence, and interpretations †¢ make an inconsistent attempt to use some basic transition words or phrases †¢ rely on basic vocabulary, with little awareness of audience or purpose †¢ reveal a limited awareness of how to vary sentence patterns and rely on a limited range syntactic structures †¢ demonstrate emerging control, exhibiting frequent errors that somewhat hinder comprehension (e. g. , agreement of pronouns and antecedents; spelling of basic words) Organization: the extent to which the writing establishes a clear thesis and maintains direction, focus, and coherence Word Choice and Sentence Fluency: the extent to which the writing reveals an awareness of audience and purpose through word choice and sentence variety Conventions: the extent to which the writing exhibits conventional spelling, punctuation, paragraphing, capitalization, and grammar