Political and Economic History of 1866-1940 Essays

Political and Economic History of 1866-1940 Essays Political and Economic History of 1866-1940 Essay Political and Economic History of 1866-1940 Essay There was a variety of economic events and crisis’ in the history of the United States of America between 1866-1940. During this time, the Gilded Age was well known for the rise of employment and rapid development within the U. S. economy. However, this was overshadowed by the Great Depression, one of the lowest points economically in the country. Regardless of economic uncertainty, one man, John D. Rockefeller, amassed a great wealth to be unmatched in U. S. history, greatly impacted industry and communities alike. During the time frame from 1865 through the 1900’s, the Gilded Age brought about the Industrial Revolution rapidly increasing the economy in the United States. New discoveries in industry helped employ thousands of rural people. Railroads were being extended and their tracks were being built stronger with more people employed. Bridges were able to hold heavier loads of merchandise and transport more people at a cheaper toll. In addition, coal and oil were found in Pennsylvania. Iron mines became popular which led to more industrial employment in steel mills (Wikipedia). According to the author, Ron Chernow, cement factories and oversized mines that contained lead, silver, and copper opened a lot of employment opportunities (Wikipedia). Industry and the U. S economy flourished and in November 1929, the stock market crashed causing a tremendous economic and industrial loss. This was the beginning of the Great Depression in the United States. Many families who relied on jobs involving heavy industry were hurt the most. In addition, construction discontinued in rural areas and farmers suffered as crop prices fell drastically in the great Dust Bowl. The Great Depression hurt society in the United States and created a world depression (Wikipedia). The person that I found most interesting was the man who founded the Standard Oil Company in Ohio in the year of 1870. John D. Rockefeller became the richest man in history because of gasoline importance and his creation of lubrication. He became rich by monopolizing the oil industry. Ron Chernow stated that Mr. Rockefeller’s refiner became the largest shippers of oil in the country. He became a billionaire and was very generous to give more than half of his income earnings to several charities such as, The General Education Board. In 1902, Rockefeller gave the board $180 million which was spent to support medical schools and higher education within the United States (Wikipedia). Overall, the economic history of the United States of America from 1866-1940 had seen many rises and falls. The dawn of the Gilded Age created thousands of jobs in the industrial labor. The era of the Great Depression created massive destruction for the U. S. economy. Fortunately, there were intelligent people like John D. Rockefeller who were positively motivated, honest, successful, and influential and therefore made a difference in the economy during that time period. These historical economical events are ones that we, as society, may want to learn from today. Work Cited Page Chernow, Ron. Modified 30, Ocotber, 2010. Retrieved 11. 2. 10 http:wikipedia. org/wiki/Economic history of the United States#The Gilded Age: 1865 E2 80. 931900 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/General_Education_Board. Retrieved 12. 7. 10. servinghistory. om/topics/Economic_history_of_the_United_States::sub::The_Gilde d_Age:_186 Esmeralda Adame Political History 1866-1940 The political history of the United States of America between 1866-1940 included several powerful politicians and major events which created huge impacts in our country. There were many Presidents, both great and disappointing, within this time frame. Certain alliances representing a degree of conflict, th roughout the political history of the U. S. , also left their mark while a variety of groups and individuals pushed and helped create political history during the Progressive Era. During this time period of American history it seems so apparent that President Franklin Roosevelt left the most interesting mark with his â€Å"New Deal† policy. After the Civil War, Andrew Johnson was made the 17th President of the United States after the assassination of President Lincoln in April, 1865. In contrast, Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s successor, was ranked as one of the most horrible presidents (Baliles). Gerald L. Baliles states, Johnson did more to extend the national strife than to heal the injured veterans that served in the war. On March 4, 1887, William McKinley became the 25th President of the United States (whitehouse). One of the most important events during his Administration was the conflict that arose between Spain and the U. S. As a result, the Spanish-American War developed in 1898. A positive result of the war was the victory of United States as it was recognized as a world power. Moreover, Cuba gained its independence as the Spanish-American War ended on December 10, 1898. Unfortunately, President McKinley was assassinated in 1901 leading Theodore Roosevelt to become the next President of the United States. In 1913, Woodrow Wilson became President of U. S. Shortly after, in 1916, World War I began which later ended in 1919. During this time period, Wilson’s plan was to increase economic profits. While men were out serving in the war, new employment opportunities opened for women and African Americans. Women began working in factories like never before. They were proud and excited to be working and being able to vote the first time in history. In 1929, Republican nominee Herbert Hoover was made the 29th President of the United States. He went down in history as one of the worst presidents as he did nothing to improve society or the economic system during the Great Depression. On the other hand, beginning in 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, ended a Republican ran political history, making him a significantly interesting figure in American Politics from the 1920’s through the 1930’s. With Roosevelt, came a fresh perspective, ushering in new policies that would change the landscape of politics as we know it today. Roosevelt wanted the economy to rise again for the sake of the people’s confidence (whitehouse). He created the â€Å"New Deal† Program, which consisted of social programs such as, Social Security and the Tennessee Valley Authority, a huge work relief program, higher taxes on the rich and new control over public utilities and banks (whitehouse). Overall, the political realm and events of the United States between 1866-1940 have had major impacts in political history. Politics and policies throughout the span of 74 years drove America into the Industrial Revolution, the Gilded Age, and World War I where our government made vital decisions along the way, such as Teddy Roosevelt controlling the unions or William McKinley going to war with Spain. Between the conclusion of the Civil War and the inspiring administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his â€Å"New Deal† policies, America stepped forward in time as a blessed nation. Work Cited whitehouse. gov/about/presidents http://topics. nytimes. com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/j/andrew_johnson/inde x. html whitehouse. gov/about/presidents/franklindroosevelt http://spider. georgetowncollege. edu/htallant/courses/his225/progmovt. htm whale. to/b/mullins46. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt#Presidency_1901. E2. 80. 931909

What Is the New SAT Like Student Reactions to the Test

What Is the New SAT Like Student Reactions to the Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The newly redesigned 2016 SAT debuted on March 5th. If you haven't taken it yet, you may be wondering what to expect: What is the New SAT like? What did students think of the exam? Was it easier or harder than the old SAT? How did it compare to the ACT? In this article, I’ll discuss the reactions to the new SAT and talk about what it means for you. How Is the New SAT Different? If you’re already familiar with what changes were made to the SAT, feel free to skip this section. If you’re completely unfamiliar with the changes, I highly recommend reading our full in-depth analysis of the changesbefore continuing this article. I’ll describe the new major changes in brief.The new SAT has a 400-1600 scoring scale, instead of the 800-2400 scale.There are two sections (graded from 200-800) instead of three: Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing.The Essay is now optional and no longer counts towards your over 400-1600 score but instead receives its own score.There is no longer a penalty for guessing which means answering a question incorrectly or skipping the question will result in the same score. The Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Section is composed of two parts: the Writing Test and the Reading test.Also, the Reading no longer has vocabulary sentence-completion questions and instead consists of five passages: one passage in US and World Literature, two passages in History/Social Studies, and two passages in Science.The Writing test no longer asks individual sentence questions but instead asks questions related to 4 passages.In the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Section, you’ll need to be able to read graphs, tables, and other scientific data to answer certain questions. The Math Section is divided into two parts: non-calculator test and calculator test.There has also been a content shift: focus on algebra, decreased focus on geometry, the addition of a few trigonometry and imaginary number questions. What Is the New SAT Like? Survey Results The College Board conducted a survey of 8,089 students who sat for the March 5th new SAT.However, the College Board didn't publish the results of the entire survey. They simply chose the data they wanted to publish on their site.Therefore, I’d recommend you view the findings cautiously since the College Board has a lot to gain by saying the new exam is better than the old. According to the College Board’s survey, 71% of students said the new SAT reflected what they’re learning in high school. By a 6 to 1 margin, students said they preferred the new SAT over the old SAT. 75% of students said the Reading Test was the same as or easier than they expected. 59% of students said the Math section tests the skills and knowledge needed for success in college and career. From the survey results, we can see that students heavily prefer the new SAT to old SAT, which makes me think this new test is a lot easier than the old test.The majority of students seem to have thought the Reading Test was easy, which aligns with the student reactions(which I'll discuss below). For the Math section, the College Board didn’t say how students felt about it, but rather shared that 59% of students felt the Math section tested important skills (which is not very helpful for us to know).The absence of a statistic about how students felt about the Math section makes me wonder if students thought the math was extremely difficult. If the Math section is more difficult, that would align with the student reactions (which I show below) and would be bad for the College Board since their goal in creating the new test was to create a test that more accurately reflected what students learned in school and matched up to that difficulty but did not exceed it. Kaplan also conducted a survey; however, they only surveyed 521 studentswho sat for the March 5th new SAT, so it was a much smaller sample size than that of the College Board (8,089). Like the College Board,Kaplandidn't publish the results of the entire survey. Instead, they chose the data they wanted to publish on their site.I’d recommend you view the findings of this survey cautiously since Kaplanhas a lot to gain by saying the new exam is challenging to draw more students to their prep program. According to Kaplan's survey, 16%of students responded that the new SAT â€Å"very much†reflected what they’re learning in high schoolwhile 56% responded â€Å"somewhat,† 23%responded â€Å"not too much,† and 5% responded â€Å"not at all.† 59% of students said thequestions were straightforward and easy to follow though 58% also said they found the length of the sections tiring. 48% of students said the test was about as difficult as they expected, 30%thought it wasmore difficult than expected, and 22% thought it wasless difficult than expected. 41% of students found the Math section more difficult than expected.56% of students said they felt comfortable doing math without a calculator. If you group the "very much" and "somewhat" responses, about 72% of students felt the test reflected what they're learning in school, which matches up with the 71% of students in the College Board survey. Otherwise, the Kaplan results vary from the College Board results because the questions students were asked in each survey was different. The results of Kaplan's survey seem pretty non-conclusive. Most of the percents are around 40-50% which means about half of students felt the opposite: 59% of students found the test straightforward, but that means 41% didn't find the test straightforward. 58% of students found the length of the sections tiring, but that means 42% didn't find the length tiring. For the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section, Kaplan didn't provide any survey results.The absence of a statistic about how students felt about this section makes me wonder if students thought thesection was relatively easy. If theEvidence-Based Reading and Writingsection is not very difficult, that would align with the student reactions (which I show below) and wouldn't be greatfor Kaplanto advertise since they want students to buy their SAT prep materials. What did the students really think? Student Reactions to the New SAT For those who took the first session of the new SAT on March 5th, how did they feel? Here are some reactions from students on Twitter andthe College Board survey: Math Section Reactions @CollegeBoard need more time on no calculator part. I'm fast at math, but not that fast. - Serena (@cheeselover012) March 5, 2016 @CollegeBoard there was not enough time for the math portion. Especially the first section!! 25 minutes is wayyyy too short😒 - Delaney Schindler (@Laney_Schindler) March 6, 2016 @CollegeBoard You can't expect me or any math wizard to finish the math sections so fast. No one in my class finished it completely! - Tyler Iacona (@tyleriacona) March 5, 2016 @CollegeBoard the no calculator portion of the math portion, as many other people have also testified to, was nearly impossible to finish. - chlà ¸e (@pointe314) March 5, 2016 @CollegeBoard absolutely no way for me to finish the no calculator section that's saying a lot seeing as I can finish the ACT math section - Sabrina (@sabrinaelena98) March 5, 2016 Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Section Reactions @CollegeBoard I absolutely ADORED the articles in the Reading section. There were some really scrumptious pieces - especially in science. - Lucia Stark (@LuciaStark8) March 5, 2016 â€Å"I felt like I had a good amount of time to completely read through the passages and select my answers as well as review some of the ones that were difficult for me.† –Elizabeth, 17, WA Overall New SAT Reactions @CollegeBoard pros: writing section was less arcanecon: it's not possible to complete that 25 min math section in 25 min - Fassih Sherazi (@fxuzzy) March 5, 2016 @CollegeBoard Pro- similar to the ACT making it easier to study strategies for both together. - Elizabeth Yousey (@YouseyElizabeth) March 5, 2016 What Does This Mean for You? I’m going to base my advice here off of both student reactions and the College Board Kaplan survey results.However, my advice is more heavily swayed by the student reactions since I think their reactions are more honest and insightful than the survey results. Math Section: Practice Practice Practice Students felt the Math section was very challenging (if not impossible) to finish. Some thought it was more challenging than the ACT Math section which is notoriously hard to finish. This means you must must must drill the pacing of the SAT Math section.Take advantage of every free new SAT Math question available, and practice each one with the accurate timing. Obey the rules of the new SAT Math sections: only use your calculator on the calculator section.Many students struggled on the no calculator Math section.You need to drill your mental math.It’s likely a skill you don’t often use since most high school math classes allow you to use your calculator.Work your mental math muscles.Practice multiplication and finding square roots without a calculator.These are two of the biggest mental math struggles for students. Make sure you know every single concept that is tested on the new SAT Math section.Review the math topics in depth.Practice thehardest SAT math questions. You don't want any confusion on test day! Evidence-Based Reading and Writing: Still Practice In general, students seemed to think the Reading and Writing tests were easier. However,we don't have any data on how students actually did yet just because the reading/writing felt easier doesn't mean it actually was.Students commented that the new SAT passages were more interesting than the often very boring old SAT reading passages.Also, students felt they had enough time to answer all questions related to the passages. While the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section may have seemed easier to students, you still need to prepare for it.You’ll definitely want to get in practice tests while keeping accurate timingto make sure you'll be able to finish the sections. If you're notreaching your target scorefor theEvidence-Based Reading and Writing section on your practice tests, you should check out some of our in-depth strategy guides for the SAT Reading test and the SAT Writing test. Overall New SAT Study Advice Based on the student reactions and survey results, I’d recommend you spend 60% of your SAT study prep on Math and 40% of your SAT study prep on the Reading and Writing tests. On the new SAT, your math score counts for 50% of your composite score (when it used to only be â…“ of your composite).Since the Math is so challenging, you need to put greater emphasis on it.You want to know every concept and be able to answer as many questions as possible in the time allotted. Reading and Writing combined count for 50% of your composite score (when each individually used to count for â…” of your composite).You still want to do well on these sections since they count for 50% of your composite score.Take all the practice tests currently available.Read our study tips, but prioritize Math! What’s Next? Need help with your college application? Learn about how to write a personal statement, how to write about your extracurriculars, and what great letters of recommendationlook like. Interested in attending a top college? Learn about how to get into Harvardand how to get into Stanford. Still prepping for the SAT? Here is the ultimate SAT study guide. If you’re taking the SAT soon, I’d recommend you check out our guide to cramming for the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Aristotle - Essay Example e confronts new situations and develops innovative responses and those spontaneous overflows of powerful feelings energise his creative channels through art forms. An artist is born, but the process of his excellence goes on by continuous application. The unstoppable urge in the inner world of a human being is the inspirational fountain of art. What one thinks as artist’s imitation is in reality is his inner urge, not an exercise of trying to just copy what one sees and experiences. His contribution to the process of creating art is active and his inspiration to imitate is the pivotal point. He articulates three explicit methods for categorising art as an imitation of life. The first method relates to the art known in the most popular form, like a creation of color on canvas relating to a particular scenic beauty. Music also falls in this category. Acting is an important aspect of imitation of human moods and activities. Literature, both prose and poetry, are considered as a f orm of art. Aristotle provides particular definitions for these forms of art. He sees unity and harmony in these diverse forms of art. In the second method he mentions about the particular type of excellence of the art from in discussion. He terms this as virtue. For example, a comedy drama needs to highlight happiness and love and the tragedy must relate to the dark incidents of human life. The third method is to discuss art on the basis of theories. While articulating about the attributes of art, Socrates emerges as a philosopher with profound thinking and mentions about the essential traits of a thing and the method of distinguishing them from each other. Trait in this context has a comprehensive meaning and demands analysis and he shows his fondness for definitions to enable one to arrive at appropriate meanings. Some of the attributes in literature are: Genre and gender attributes: Aristotle tries to evolve and defend his definitions on the basis of some of the famous epics. For

Telling the Christ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Telling the Christ - Essay Example The gospels of Matthew and Luke are examples of what has been mentioned earlier and to prove this point, it is encouraged that the authors’ approaches be considered in the retelling of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Reading Matthew 27:45 to the last verse of the book, one could see details of the accounts of Matthew from the time Jesus was crucified until He met with His disciples in Galilee after His resurrection. Luke, on the other hand gives a more detailed descriptive narrative starting from the same time Matthew used until Jesus ascension to heaven, found from the forty- fourth verse of chapter twenty three until the last verse of the last chapter. From these readings, one could determine some similarities and also differences which will bring a clearer picture of the circumstances as we look closer. Matthew and Luke both start their narratives by describing the setting, mentioning and confirming that there was darkness that fell on the land from the sixth to the ninth hour. The two authors probably have seen the importance of making mention of this because the darkness was a fulfillment of the prophecies during the ‘day of the Lord’ mentioned in Joel 2:10 and 31 and, Zephaniah 1:15. Both prophets mentioned the dreadful day of the Lord when the sun stops shining, the moon turns to blood and the stars fail to shine. This similarity is a confirmation of each other, making the claim strong and acceptable in the analysis of the scriptures. Following the introduction of the setting, the two authors mention two different utterances of Jesus as he was hanging on the cross. Matthew quotes Jesus saying, â€Å"Eli, Eli, Lema Sabachthani?† wherein he was understood by the spectators as calling unto Elijah for help. He was given a drink of wine vinegar and cried out in a loud voice before he gave up his spirit (Attridge, 1719). Luke on the other hand quoted Jesus saying, â€Å"Father, into your hands I commend my spirit.† This does not mean that Matthew and Luke have different stories of the same event rather, Luke filled in the information that was just mentioned in passing by Matthew. Matthew mentioned Jesus crying in a loud voice before he died and Luke quoted the last words of Jesus. This is what is meant by what was mentioned earlier that the gospels complement each other. Another difference is the mention of Matthew of the guards who were paid to make sure that no one would steal the body of Jesus. The story continues to show that the guards witnessed the rolling away of the stone that covered the tomb and that they have seen the angel of the Lord who was like lightning in appearance. They told the chief priests what happened but they were paid to tell that the disciples stole the body of Jesus. Matthew went on to mention that the story circulated and was retold ‘until this day’, meaning even until the day the gospel was written. This part is not mentioned at all by Luke, showing that Luke had other things in mind that he wanted to emphasize in his gospel. Matthew on the other hand, showed how concerned he was in proving the authenticity of the story of the resurrection of Jesus so he made sure to mention the plot of the high priests against the claim of Jesus’ resurrection. After narrating the plot to deny the resurrection of Jesus, Matthew proceeds with his story to the arrival of the eleven disciples in Galilee, meeting with Jesus.

Distinctive toys and games Essay Example for Free

Distinctive toys and games Essay The claim that childhood as we know it is essentially a creation of the 20th century. is led by Phillippe Aries, a French historian, he carried out detailed studies of the developing nature of childhood and family in France and England from pre-modern to modern times. He suggests that childhood, as we know it, meaning the idea of a child individuality, separate from adults is basically the creation of the 20th century. His argument was that in previous times children were effectively miniature adults, and were treated as such. Historical sociologists pointed out how in the past games and play were not separate childhood activities but things in which adults engaged in too, and that they took interest in dolls houses and dresses, and model soldiers. Childhood is actually something, which is exclusive to our own culture and times. Children were part of the adult world with the progress of industrialisation they have been pushed into a specific category and are thought of and considered different to adults. Factors of the problem originated in the middle classes including religious reasons, humanitarian reasons, the need to produce future workers who were numerate and literate, the need to get children off streets and give them a moral upbringing. However it was the working class who confronted moves to remove children from jobs and move them towards compulsory education. Many families were dependent on extra wages, which were brought in by children, to stave of poverty. However can we trust Aries evidence as it is all secondary data and paintings of people who were royalty or rich women not of ordinary people. Childhood in the 21st century is different from childhood in the 16th century or working class childhood in the 19th century. There used to be a large number of orphans, which meant that many children had to look after themselves.  Aries believes that childhood is not just a biological state associated with immaturity and adolescence, it is also a social experience, which differs from one historical period to another. Aries and Lawrence Stone suggest that in medieval society the idea of childhood and adolescence, as independent categories to adults did not exist. Children were considered little adults. They took part in the same work and play activities as adults. They didnt have distinctive toys and games, we now take for granted as childish things. Children were not considered as special as is today. People were indifferent to them even unfriendly. This was probably due to high infant mortality. One quarter or more infants did not survive their first year compared with less than one per cent of infants in the West today. Stone argues a similar view he suggests that pre-industrial families were a unit of production working on land or occupied in crafts together. Children were prepared to help parents from a very young age. Those who did not help with household production usually left to become servants or apprentices. After industrialisation there is some evidence that these attitudes towards children continued, especially in the working class where children were repeatedly found to be increasing family income by working in factories, mines and mills. The middle-class attitudes towards children started to change in this period, when there was a growth in parental and marital love in middle-class families and as infant mortality rate started to fall, although there was a growth in the authoritarian power of fathers.

Descriptive Essays - The Horse Farm :: Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

The Horse Farm I am jarred out of a relaxing sleep by a voice yelling my name in a loud whisper, and a light burning through my eyelids. Groggily, I open my eyes to see my father standing in the doorway to my messy room. He tells me that I need to get going, that it is 3:00 a.m., and I'm burning daylight. I find my clothes and get dressed. The whole time I wonder why I get up this early to visit the rugged outdoors. I want to go back to bed, but I know my dad will be back in to make sure I am getting ready, in a little bit. Instead, I put my boots and my wide-brimmed, black cowboy hat on, and walked out to catch the horses. The horses are all excited because it is dark and they are not that cooperative. My dad and I get them saddled and in the trailer, and go back into the house to get our lunch, water, and a cup of coffee. Now, we can head for the high country. It is still dark when we get there, so our horses are still very alert; they keep moving around and snorting with eyes wide and nostrils flared. I strap my pistol to my hips and tie the tip of the holster to my leg so it doesn't flop. We are ready to go, so I take a deep breath of the sharp, clean, mountain air and step into the saddle. As we ride along in the dark, I begin to relax. Man, I love the smell of cool mountain air; there is nothing in the world quite like it. It is so refreshing for me. As the sky begins to brighten to a gray, and the stars that were so brilliant just seconds ago begin to grow dim, my imagination starts to picture things moving that are really nothing but shadows in the trees. It is as if the shadows are racing around trying to find their owners before the sun peeks its gleaming face up over the horizon. A deer jumps from its bed, scaring the horses and pumping a quart of adrenaline through my system, as my pistol jumps to my hand. Once I realize it is just a deer, I put my pistol back in its holster. In the last seconds before the sun rises, the sky turns a soft blue.

Business Model and Strategic Plan Essay

For more than four decades, the semiconductor industry has distinguished itself by the rapid pace of improvement in its products. Trends have resulted principally from the industry’s ability to exponentially decrease the minimum feature sizes used to fabricate integrated circuits and other products. Of course, the most frequently cited trend is in integration level, which is usually expressed as Moore’s Law (that is, the number of components per chip doubles roughly every 24 months). The most significant trend is the decreasing cost-per-function, which has led to significant improvements in economic productivity and overall quality of life through  proliferation of computers, communication, and other industrial and consumer electronics. All of these improvement trends, sometimes called â€Å"scaling† trends, have been enabled by large R&D investments. In the last three decades, the growing size of the required investments has motivated industry collaboration an d spawned many R&D partnerships, consortia, and other cooperative ventures. To help guide these R&D programs, the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) initiated The National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS), which had 1992, 1994, and 1997 editions. In 1998, the SIA was joined by corresponding industry associations in Europe, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan to participate in a 1998 update of the Roadmap and to begin work toward the first International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), published in 1999. Since then, the ITRS has been updated in even-numbered years and fully revised in odd-numbered years. The overall objective of the ITRS is to present industry-wide consensus on the â€Å"best current estimate† of the industry’s research and development needs out to a 15-year horizon. As such, it provides a guide to the efforts of companies, universities, governments, and other research providers or funders. The ITRS has improved the quality of R&D investment decisions made at all levels and has helped channel research efforts to areas that most need research breakthroughs. It is forecasted that by the end of this next decade (2019) it will be necessary to augment the capabilities of the CMOS process by introduc ing multiple new devices that will hopefully realize some properties beyond the ones of CMOS devices. However, it is believed that most likely these new devices will not have all the properties of CMOS devices and therefore it is anticipated that heterogeneous integration either at the chip level or at the package level will integrate these new capabilities around a CMOS core. The participation and continued consensus of semiconductor experts from Europe, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the U.S.A. ensure that the 2011 ITRS remains the definitive source of guidance for semiconductor research as we strive to extend the historical advancement of semiconductor technology and the integrated circuit market. ON Semiconductor Corporation was founded in 1999 and acquired Cherry Semiconductor the next year. In the next six years, from 2005 to 2011, the company opened seven Solution Engineering Centers in Korea, Oregon, Taiwan, and Germany, California, China, and Japan. In addition, the company also acquired ten  companies, namely LSI Logic Gresham, Oregon Design & Manufacturing Facility, ADI Volta ge Regulation & Thermal Management Group, AMI Semiconductor, Catalyst Semiconductor, PulseCore Semiconductor, California Micro Devices, Sound Design Technologies, Cypress Image Sensor Business Unit, and SANYO Semiconductor. The Application Products Group offers analog, mixed-signal, and advanced logic application specific integrated circuits (IC); power conversions and interfaces between AC and DC. The Standard Products Group offers discrete and integrated semiconductor products, such as power switching, signal conditioning and amplification, circuit protection, and voltage reference. The SANYO Semiconductor Products Group offers microcontrollers, analog and digital tuners and signal processing, and memory semiconductors. In 2013, the company introduced the industry’s highest resolution optical image stabilization (OIS) integrated circuit (IC) for smartphone camera modules. Strategic Plan Part I: Conceptualizing in Business A solid strategic analysis is beneficial to shareholders, employees, customers, and decisions makers within a company. The core of an effective strategic plan contains a well-thought and informative mission statement. Using the ON Semiconductor Corporation as a benchmark, a mission statement has been developed to differentiate the company’s products from the competition. In addition, the vision statement as plays an important role in communicating the ultimate goal of the company’s strategic decisions. A driving force behind the mission and vision is the company’s values and ethical principles, which often dictate the choices made during strategic planning. When it is fully implemented, the strategic plan will allow ON Semiconductor Corporation to gain a strategic advantage over its established competitors. Mission Statement We will transform ON Semiconductor Corporation from a traditional broad-line semiconductor company to the leading supplier of programmable solutions in systems everywhere. Semiconductor consolidation is the recent trend of semiconductor companies collaborating in order to come to a practical synergy with the goal of being able to operate in a business model that can sustain profitability. Newly established solutions will be able to supply  local communities with quality products at competitive prices while simultaneously creating value for shareholders. Vision Statement ON Semiconductor Corporation will grow into the largest provider in emerging markets. The brand will have an established presence in Asia, South America, and Europe with locations being found within the top 10 major cities on these continents. By saturating the world’s most populous metropolitan cities, ON Semiconductor Corporation will be the most recognizable Corporation in the world. Guiding Principles, Values, and Culture ON Semiconductor Corporation has several important ethical principles that influence major decisions in the strategic planning process. First, the company is concern about making quality products available to the lowest income groups. Therefore, it is important to keep a wide selection of low cost products available on the market. This becomes an especially important consideration as we expand in markets that experience high levels of economic struggle. Second, the company is committed to delivering exceptional customer service to its patrons. Customer loyalty is a driving factor towards the long-term success of the brand. Failing to deliver exceptional customer service could seriously hinder the ability to grow into new markets. In order for employees to express ON Semiconductor Corporation’s guiding principles, it is essential to create a corporate culture that reflects these principles. Providing ample opportunity for advancement within management hierarchy and the ability to participate in supplemental training will keep employee motivation high. As a result, employees will be eager to follow the ethical values set forth in the strategic plan. It is likely that the company will need to make slight modifications to organization culture to meet the preferences of various world cultures. Impact on Strategic Direction The mission, vision, and values of ON Semiconductor Corporation serve as the foundation for strategic decision making while the company gears up for expansion. When an unexpected variable causes a change in direction, the company will continue to use its mission as a guide for future choices. The primary mission is always to maximize shareholder profits, but the values  determine the approach the company will take to achieve this goal. Overall, this will help the company build a corporate culture in these new markets that gains the respect of the community. If the company is considered to be helping the local community, the chances of creating an effective strategic plan are highly unlikely. Addressing Customer Needs Expanding into emerging markets presents a unique challenge to address customer’s needs. Every country exhibits its own unique culture and it is essential to pander to the preferences of each individual culture. A system that works in the United States is not likely to see the same level of success in Bangladesh, unless serious modifications are made to the business model. To overcome this challenge, the company will conduct independent research and use paid consultants to determine how to tailor the brand’s image for success in vastly different cultures. As time progresses, the company will be able to assess strengths and weaknesses by testing different models in each regional area. Gaining insightful knowledge about each country’s cultural preferences will allow the company to attain a competitive advantage. The nature of strategic management today is seen in the environment-driven strategies of successful firms competing in a diverse market. We must understand that faulty assumptions and false information can result in the formulation of poor or even disastrous plans, and change is constant and continuous; that yesterday’s good plan may not be relevant or of any value today (Pearce & Robinson, 2009). We have to realize that we live in a changing world and business organizations, governmental units and other entities, just like people, have to adjust and adapt to survive. Strategic Plan Part II: SWOTT Analysis SWOTT Analysis of ON Semiconductor Corporation is one of the most important components. By providing quality products and prices, the corporation has established a worldwide presence. This SWOTT analysis shows the various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and trends that will impact the company in the future. With promising growth prospects in emerging markets, the company has implemented an aggressive plan to be established  throughout the world. This strategy poses several important risks and opportunities that shape the contents of the SWOTT analysis. Economic Trends Economic trends play a major role in the strategic decisions. The brand has an ambitions global growth plan that is sensitive to economic changes. For example, the company reports that China and India are it’s main targets for new locations and expects to see significant growth as economic conditions improve. As income levels rise in these countries, it is expected that new owners will be eager to implement proven concepts into the local community. In addition, higher incomes will provide greater opportunity for a loyal customer base. However, if economic conditions start on a downward trend then an aggressive expansion could be threatened by insufficient demand for their product. If franchise owners are not finding the locations profitable, it could create irreparable damage to the company’s image abroad and force the closure of new locations. Legal and Regulatory Forces Each new emerging market presents a unique mix of regulatory and legal challenges. For example, the company must adhere to specific regulations. Any major violations could create a major backlash to the brand to that could prevent future growth in the country. Supply Chain Operations Maintaining a consistent product is key to building customer loyalty for ON’s. Customers expect to purchase an identical product each time they make transactions with their company. In order to make this possible, the company has a sophisticated supply chain network in place to ensure every location has products available. This feat is achieved by utilizing regional distribution networks that supply owners with the proper equipment. Building a distribution network in overseas markets is significantly more risky than the United. Unknown distributer and freight companies must be chosen by the company to handle these important operational tasks. In the future, ON’s will be able to establish a strong supply network to minimize the threats  faced in international supply chain operations. Opportunities Based on SWOTT Analysis The greatest opportunities for ON’s can be achieved by differentiating the brand from its main competitors. Primary competitors to ON’s market share include Intel Corp, Texas Instruments, Altera Corp and Xilinx Inc., which have established a dominating presence in international markets over the last several decades. ON’s has the ability to demonstrate value to their customers by delivering a product that is completely unique from most other companies. A marketing plan that outlines their unique experience that ON’s offers will help penetrate markets that are already occupied by competing companies. ON’s also has a great opportunity to achieve new innovations that can reduce labor costs. By implementing technology that can automate the duties of employees, the company can increase its operational efficiency. The company can also reduce operational costs within the supply chain by drawing on experiences in the US market. Building a new supply chain in an emerging market will allow the company to design it in the most cost effective manner. Each of these opportunities will play an important role in strategic success of the brand. SWOTT Table External Factors Factor Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Trends Global ON’s has an established image in overseas markets Supply Chain management requires additional investment to establish in global markets Massive new markets in Asia, especially China and India Political unrest in African and Middle East Markets Growing markets overseas will provide exception growth opportunities Economic Improved economic conditions will provide suitable owners. Greater disposable income will prompt some buys to seek more expensive alternatives. Commercial real estate recovery will provide more restaurant locations domestically. Economic collapse and rising materials costs could impact prices. Global economic recovery is remaining consistent Legal and Regulatory Strong safety record New global markets present new regulatory challenges Establish strong relationships with foreign business partners Legal costs for breaking foreign regulations Increased regulation in the USA could raise labor costs. Environmental Strong history of supporting clean environment practices Increasing public disapproval in the USA Show a commitment to environmental friendly initiatives Environmental infractions could create media backlash Consumers place greater importance on environmental initiatives. Competitive Analysis ON’s unique product line separates it from the competition Stronger brands, such as NXP have more overseas locations Differentiate from competing brands Closely related brands establishing locations in emerging markets. Most major brands and expanding globally SWOTT Table Internal Factors Factor Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Trends Strategy Aggressive strategy will provide rapid growth Rapid growth could cause investment in new innovations to lag behind Continue to build presence in emerging markets. Aggressive strategy may be rejected by some cultures Asian countries are showing increasing demand for electronics Technologies Optimized efficiency for product processing Technology still requires significant human capital Automation to cut down on manual labor needs Competitors may develop tech at a faster pace Technology is decreasing in cost overall Innovations Social media marketing in place to build customer loyalty Competitors are offering items that appeal to higher quality Automate payment processing for rapid ordering Negative media coverage could spread on social media Customers prefer products that efficient Intellectual Property ON’s brand is recognizable worldwide Brand is associated with low quality budget oriented products Increase awareness of high quality items Use of IP by foreign competitors without legal recourse Internet makes it possible to market the product rapidly Summary ON’s faces a complex set of challenges as they conduct their aggressive expansion into emerging markets. Ahead of all, the global economic climate poses the greatest risk to the company, as major changes could have a significant impact on the strategy’s effectiveness. However, competitive pressure dictates that ON’s must establish its presence in overseas markets as soon as possible. If the company waits to establish new locations, it many lose the opportunities provided by the current trend of global economic growth. The SWOTT analysis above provides insight that will help the brand mitigate risk as it continues to move forward with the strategy. Strategic Plan Part III: Balanced Scorecard As a method of further analyzing the strategic goals of ON Semiconductor Corporation, the balanced scorecard provides valuable insight into vision, mission, and values of the company. An analysis from the perspective of shareholders, customer, managers, and employees allows the company to gain a  stronger understanding of how strategic initiatives will affect these relationships. Each strategic initiative can have a differing impact, depending on the relationship a person has with the company. A strategic initiative aimed at lower costs might be beneficial to shareholders in the short term, but could have a negative impact on customer and employee values. The balanced scorecard attempts to organize strategic objectives based on their specific relationship to ON Semiconductor Corporation. Shareholder Value or Financial Perspective Objectives Targets Measures Risk Mitigation Increase customer base by expanding product variety Increase domestic revenue by 10% with a new product line over 5 years A trend of 0.5% growth in domestic sales per quarter. Test new items in a limited number of locations to determine nationwide viability. Decrease international supply chain costs. Lower supply chain costs in international markets by 5% over 2 years This objective should also result in higher operating margins Invest in long-term solutions to supply chain management. Improve price-to-earnings ratio. The current PEG ratio sis 9.05 (NASDAQ 2014) and should be increased to 1.50 A quarterly trend of improvement should be seen in the PEG ratio. Expand into international markets that present the highest overall value. Customer Value Perspective Objectives Targets Measures Risk Mitigation Improve company image by marketing new products Increase customer recognition of new product offerings. Growth of new product sales of 10% relative to traditional products. Conduct custom surveys to gain insight into new product reception. Improve overall customer service Increase positive feedback from loyal customers Improve customer feedback by 25% over 1 year. Implement an employee training program focused on customer service Implement delivery to large markets Make ON’s products available with rapid delivery. Implement ON’s delivery in at least 5 US cities Test the delivery system in limited markets before mainstream launch Process or Internal Operations Perspective Objectives Targets Measures Risk Mitigation Streamline payments with mobile devices Allow customers to pay with mobile devices Enable mobile POS systems at 25% of locations Survey customer preferences for mobile payments Increase ordering speed with improved automation. Eliminate need for full time staff by automating production. Reduce total labor costs by 5% over 2 years. Determine long term ROI of investment in automation Learning and Growth (Employee) Perspective Objectives Targets Measures Risk Mitigation Offer new opportunities for advancement within the company Promote more internal employees to middle manager positions Track the progression tenured of employees within the management hierarchy. Implement a training program for employees who desire management positions Improve corporate culture with social media Allow greater communication at all levels of company 25% employee participation on ON’s blog conversations Monitor and track system to ensure conversations are beneficial Summary Strategic initiatives are always associated with a certain level of risk. As an internationally recognized brand, it is essential for ON Semiconductor Corporation to make an effort to safeguard its image with any new strategic choice. Failing to maintain the image that has been developed could lead to a decreased ability to move forward with international growth of the brand. In addition, many of the strategic goals require a significant financial investment. Any large financial investment should show promise of delivering long-term value to shareholders. This is especially important in the process and internal operations category because it directly impacts the operational success of the company. A strategic initiative in this category must be designed for the long-term sustainability of the company. Each perspective on the balanced scorecard has unique strategic implications. For example, the strategic goals of the shareholders are significantly different than those of the employees or customers. The managers in charge or implementing a strategic plan must find middle ground between the objectives of each category listed on the balanced scorecard. Each category plays an important role in the success of the organization at large and it is essential that every category be considered during the process. Ultimately, the balanced scorecard will ensure the strategy meets the objectives and values of ON Semiconductor Corporation. ONs’ competition in the semiconductor industry is widely varied. Direct competitors are other established brand manufacturers, such as Intel, Defunct, Sony, Silicon Wafer Producers, Foundry and Qualcomm. The closest competitor in terms of popularity, growth, and product line is the Samsung Electronics. In such a climate, the best investment opportunities will be awarded to companies that have the ingenuity and creativity to meet the customers’ demands for fashion in an industry driven by economic conditions, demographic trends, and pricing. The industry has moved from a â€Å"buy now, upgrade later† consumer to a â€Å"buy now, upgrade now† consumer. The company’s management is confident that the ONs’ can achieve its aggressive sales  forecasts, generating total sales of approximately $20.6 million in years to come. In addition, ONs’ management has carefully considered its market, potential customer base, and its ability to grow its sales average to capture 10% of the semiconductor industry. ON’s has the potential to become a highly regarded resource in local, regional, national, and international markets. Due to the company’s aggressive marketing strategy, establishment of the company as a â€Å"unique† entity in its industry, careful development of its products coupled with strategic partnerships with some of the industry’s headliners, and the company’s profitable revenue model, ON’s has the potential to provide lucrative returns to potential investors. For ON’s to achieve status as an industry leader, it must secure initial capital. This capital will be used for start-up costs, to establish a reputable storefront, and to further develop the business, business infrastructure, internal systems, product development, and extensive marketing and geographic positioning. Providing that the company is able to acquire its funding requirements, ONs should be able to achieve operational success for many years to come. References Pearce, J. A. II, & Robinson, R. B. (2009). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control(11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Thompson, A. A., Gamble, J. E., & Strickland, A. J. (2006). Strategy: Winning in the marketplace: Core concepts, analytical tools, cases (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.